Is it flu or just a cold?

Image © Kaarsten - Fotolia.com

Wed 9 September 2009

How to tell the difference

Flus and colds are both illnesses that tend to be common in the winter months. They are also both caused by viruses and have some symptoms in common. This guide will help you tell the difference.

Why it is important

Colds tend to be mild illnesses with few complications. Flu is more serious, and it can lead to severe complications, especially in people in higher risk groups such as the elderly, the very young, or those with existing health conditions.

Every year over 10,000 people die in the UK as a result of flu infection. With the onset of the swine flu pandemic it is even more important to be alert to the danger signs.

The first signs

One difference between colds and flus is that cold symptoms tend to grow over a few days. Flu often has a sudden onset, with symptoms appearing within 3 to 6 hours.

Main differences

In general flu symptoms will be more severe and longer lasting than those of a cold.

A cold is an infection in the lining of the nose and throat, resulting in sneezing, runny nose, watery eyes, headaches and a mild ill feeling.

Flu viruses infect the lungs and upper airways, resulting in fever (high temperature), aches and muscle pains, dry cough, lack of appetite and feelings of nausea.

The following symptoms are COMMON in colds but RARE or UNCOMMON in plus:

• Sneezing
• Stuffy nose
• Sore throat

The following symptoms are UNCOMMON in colds but COMMON in flus:

• Fever (high temperature)
• Chills
• Headaches

Other differences

When you have a cold you may have a hacking cough which produces phlegm, whereas with a flu you will typically have a dry cough. In both cases you may feel tired and have some chest discomfort, but these will be more severe in the case of flu.

Summary of differences

Please note that these are for guidance only, actual symptoms in any given case will vary.

If symptoms persist or are severe, especially high temperature, you should consult your GP.